Osteoarthritis: Nutritional Considerations

• The role for nutrition in osteoarthritis is mainly related to the effects of diet on body weight. Obesity increases the risk for osteoarthritis of the hip, knee, and possibly the joints of the hand. Weight loss was found to significantly improve pain and function in individuals with osteoarthritis. Some evidence suggests that a reduction in body fat, independent of body weight, may help relieve symptoms. A low–fat, high–fiber diet in combination with exercise prevents weight gain, and may also prove useful in treatment. See How to Lose Weight.
• The combination of glucosamine sulfate (1500 milligrams a day) and chondroitin sulfate (1200 milligrams a day) may improve symptoms. Early studies suggested that these supplements improve symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Subsequent controlled trials, however, have been less favorable. At this time, further study is necessary.
  
• Reducing serum cholesterol may decrease osteoarthritis risk. Elevated serum cholesterol was independently associated with osteoarthritis in two studies.
  
• Vitamin D may play a role in osteoarthritis. Individuals with lower blood levels of vitamin D appear to have greater risk for progression of osteoarthritis.
• Ginger may provide significant pain relief for osteoarthritis patients. Effective doses range from 170 milligrams ginger extract three times per day to 250 milligrams four times per day.