Age–Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD): Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

• The evaluation begins with a medical history and a physical examination.
  
• Direct visualization of the macula by use of an ophthalmoscope usually diagnoses the disease.
• In some cases, further ophthalmologic testing may be recommended.

Treatment

• Smoking cessation is necessary.
  
• In cases of rapidly progressive “wet” macular degeneration, laser therapy or medical drugs may be useful. However, in most cases, no specific medical or surgical treatment exists.
• Gingko biloba has been marketed as an herbal therapy for macular degeneration. In one small study, it did improve vision in affected individuals. However, further investigation is necessary.
• Steroids injections into the eye are a possible therapy, but require further study.