Dysmenorrhea: Nutritional Considerations

Diet therapies have not been extensively studied. However, evidence supports a role for diet changes that alter estrogen concentrations or estrogen activity. These interventions may also involve the inhibition of hormones (prostaglandins) that cause contraction of the muscles of the uterus.

• A low–fat vegetarian diet may reduce dysmenorrhea symptoms: High–fiber, plant–based diets are associated with reduced blood estrogen concentrations. In a placebo–controlled trial, a low–fat vegan diet was shown to reduce the duration and severity of menstrual pain. To be effective, it appears that the diet should be carefully followed, excluding animal products and added oils. Another possible protective aspect of these diets is their high content of phytoestrogens. Vegetarian diets also have higher amounts of omega–3 fatty acids, which may decrease inflammation.
• Dietary supplements: A published review of available evidence supports the use of thiamine, magnesium, and vitamin E in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. A recent controlled trial of vitamin E came to similar conclusions.