Alzheimer's Disease: Nutritional Considerations

Evidence suggests that nutrition may influence the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The following factors are under study for their role in reducing risk:

• A cholesterol-free diet low in saturated fats and trans fats: Studies have shown that people who eat high amounts of saturated fats, which primarily come from animal products, and trans fats (partially hydrogenated oils found in many snack foods) may have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. These fats tend to increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood and may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The best approach to reducing cholesterol is to avoid animal products and keep vegetable oils to a minimum.
• A diet high in certain antioxidants: Two studies found that greater intakes of foods high in either vitamin E or vitamin C may lower the risk for Alzheimer's disease. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, kiwi, melons, and many vegetables. Good sources of vitamin E include wheat germ, peanuts, and sunflower seeds. Antioxidant supplements may also be beneficial, but they do not take the place of fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole grains.
• Vitamins: Adequate intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 may decrease risk.
• Avoidance of dietary or environmental exposure to aluminum: Although there is no conclusive evidence of a role of aluminum as a direct cause of Alzheimer's disease, epidemiological studies have found an association between aluminum in drinking water and Alzheimer's disease.
  
  Aluminum has caused neurotoxic effects in individuals who have been exposed to high levels (e.g., occupational exposure, dialysis, aluminum-containing medications). Aluminum is found in some common antacid products and in cookware. Some evidence suggests that patients with Alzheimer's disease have increased absorption of aluminum even when they are on normal diets.
• Avoidance of excess iron: Iron accumulates in the brain during aging, and some evidence exists that iron may contribute to the disease. Some practitioners use a treatment, called chelation, to remove excess aluminum, iron, and copper from the body.
• Nutritional support: In cases of advanced Alzheimer's disease, enriched and energy-dense foods may be necessary to prevent weight loss.