Protein-Calorie Malnutrition: Treatment

Treatment consists of two phases: stabilization and rehabilitation.

The initial (stabilization) phase lasts for one week. It consists of:

• Treatment and prevention of low blood sugar, low body temperature,  dehydration, and infection
  
• Correction of electrolyte imbalances and micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) deficiencies
  
• A cautious feeding regimen devised by physicians and dieticians 

A rehabilitation phase proceeds from weeks two through six. It consists of:

• Further refeeding
  
• Emotional support
  
• Preparation for follow-up after recovery
  
• Treatment of anemia and associated conditions

Individuals treated for protein-energy malnutrition are at risk for refeeding syndrome, in which severe electrolyte disturbances may lead to abnormal functioning of the heart, lungs, brain, intestines, blood, bones, muscles, and hormones. Medical guidelines have been developed to help prevent these complications and to establish a transition to normalcy.