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Kidney Stones: Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
- A medical history and a physical examination can suggest the disease in most cases.
- CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is the preferred test to detect kidney stones. In some cases, an X–ray of the abdomen will identify stones, but a CT scan is far more accurate. Ultrasound may also be used to visualize stones, particularly in individuals who should avoid radiation, including pregnant women.
- Blood and urine tests may be necessary.
- If a stone is passed, it should be sent to the laboratory for analysis.
Treatment
- Small stones will often pass on their own and do not require medical treatment. Increased fluid intake may promote stone passage.
- In some cases, medications may be recommended to promote stone passage. These include tamsulosin (Flomax) or an alpha blocker (e.g., terazosin).
- About 10 to 20 percent of stones require surgical removal.
- Recurrence is common. People who tend to form stones should be instructed in methods of stone prevention, which are noted below.
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